One in a Krillion +100Maltese Sign LanguageMalta made its sign language official by law in 2016.Deep Cut +85AbazaKarachay-Cherkessia counts it among five state languages.AbkhazGeorgia's constitution names it official in Abkhazia.AdygheAdygea, an enclave inside Krasnodar Krai, lists it as state language.AgulOne of the fourteen languages Dagestan's constitution lists.Albanian Sign LanguageAltaiAltai Republic's state language beside Russian since 1993.AromanianKruševo in North Macedonia gave it official municipal use.Austrian Sign LanguageAvarLargest of Dagestan's fourteen official languages.AzerbaijaniBashkirBashkortostan's own state language, beside Russian.Belarusian Sign LanguageBosnian Sign LanguageBritish Sign LanguageBulgarian Sign LanguageBunjevacSubotica added it to official use in 2021.BuryatMongolic language with official status in Buryatia.Catalan Sign LanguageChechenChechnya's state language under its 2003 constitution.ChukchiChuvashOnly living language of the Oghur Turkic branch, official in Chuvashia.Crimean TatarNamed a state language in Crimea's 1998 constitution.Croatian Sign LanguageCypriot Sign LanguageCzech Sign LanguageDanish Sign LanguageDarginDagestan's second-largest language after Avar.DolganDutch Sign LanguageErzyaOne of Mordovia's two official Mordvinic languages.Estonian Sign LanguageEvenEvenkiFaroeseFaroe Islanders' first language, official alongside Danish.Finland-Swedish Sign LanguageFinnish Sign LanguageFlemish Sign LanguageFrench Belgian Sign LanguageFrench Sign LanguageFrisianFriesland's second official language after Dutch, by a 2014 act.FriulianFriuli-Venezia Giulia recognises it by regional law.GagauzOfficial in Gagauzia, Moldova's autonomous Turkic region.German Sign LanguageGreek Sign LanguageGreenlandicOfficial in Greenland, a constituent country of the Danish realm.GuernésiaisGuernsey's Norman language, still spoken by a few hundred.Hungarian Sign LanguageIcelandic Sign LanguageIngushIngushetia, Russia's smallest republic, pairs it with Russian.Irish Sign LanguageItalian Sign LanguageJèrriaisJersey recognised its Norman tongue officially in 2019.KabardianKabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia both give it state status.KalmykEurope's only Buddhist republic made it official alongside Russian.Karachay-BalkarOne Turkic language official in two Caucasus republics.KashubianPoland's only regional language, auxiliary-official in Pomeranian gminas.KazakhState language of Kazakhstan, whose western edge lies in Europe.KhakasKhakassia in southern Siberia gives it state status.KomiKomi Republic's 1992 language law put it beside Russian.Kosovar Sign LanguageKumykOnce the North Caucasus lingua franca, now official in Dagestan.LadinSpoken in five Dolomite valleys, with official status in South Tyrol.LakAround 150,000 speakers, and a seat on Dagestan's official list.Latvian Sign LanguageLezgianSpoken across the Azerbaijan border, official in Dagestan.Lithuanian Sign LanguageMacedonian Sign LanguageManxIsle of Man Gaelic, revived after its last native speaker died in 1974.MariTwo written standards, both official in Mari El.MeänkieliSweden's Torne Valley municipalities give it administrative status.MirandesePortugal's second officially recognised language, around Miranda do Douro.MokshaMordovia's other official language, distinct from Erzya.NogaiSteppe Turkic, official in Dagestan and Karachay-Cherkessia.Norwegian Sign LanguageOccitanIts Aranese form is official across all of Catalonia.OssetianIranian language official in North Ossetia-Alania.PapiamentoAruba and Curaçao, both in the Dutch kingdom, make it official.Polish Sign LanguagePortuguese Sign LanguageRomaniOfficial at municipal level in Kosovo under its language law.Romanian Sign LanguageRomanshRussian Sign LanguageRusynOne of six official languages of Serbia's Vojvodina province.RutulWritten only since 1990, yet on Dagestan's official list.SardinianRegional law gives it equal dignity with Italian across Sardinia.ScotsOfficial in Scotland since the Scottish Languages Act 2025.Serbian Sign LanguageSlovak Sign LanguageSlovenian Sign LanguageSorbianUsed before authorities across Lusatia under Saxon and Brandenburg law.Spanish Sign LanguageSwedish Sign LanguageTabasaranFamous for its dozens of noun cases, official in Dagestan.TatPersian-derived, and Dagestan's constitution counts it official.TatarTatarstan has made it official beside Russian since 1992.TsakhurStraddles the Dagestan-Azerbaijan border, official on the Russian side.Turkish Sign LanguageTuvanThroat-singing republic in Siberia, its language official beside Russian.UdmurtOfficial in Udmurtia, where Buranovskiye Babushki sang for Eurovision.Ukrainian Sign LanguageYakutSakha, Russia's largest republic by area, made it a state language.YukaghirRare +60AlbanianArmenianBasqueBelarusianBosnianBulgarianCroatianEstonianGalicianGeorgianIcelandicIrishLatinOfficial language of the Holy See, so the Vatican counts.LatvianLithuanianLuxembourgishMacedonianMalteseMontenegrinSamiScottish GaelicSerbianSlovakSlovenianWelshSchooler +30CatalanCzechDanishDutchFinnishGreekHungarianNorwegianPolishPortugueseRomanianRussianSwedishTurkishUkrainianPlankton +10EnglishFrenchGermanItalianSpanish
